Agro-Climatic
- Climate: Cool-season crop
- Temperature: Below 24°C ideal
- Soil: Sandy to loamy
- pH: 6.0–7.5
Seed & Sowing
- Spacing: 12–15 inches
- Depth: 0.5–1.2 cm
- Method: Direct sowing / pots
- Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
Irrigation
- Maintain consistent moisture
- Avoid waterlogging
- Drought tolerant after establishment
Harvesting & Yield
- Leaves: 40–50 days
- Harvest outer leaves first
- Roots: After first frost
Land Preparation
- Use well-drained sandy or loamy soil.
- Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure before sowing.
- Ensure proper sunlight exposure for healthy growth.
Manure & Fertilizer Application
| Nutrient | Recommended Dose | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Organic Manure | Compost / FYM | Before sowing |
| Nitrogen | 21-0-0 fertilizer | After 4 weeks of sowing |
Proper fertilization promotes healthy leaf growth and root development.
Weed Management
- Thin seedlings at 3 inches height.
- Maintain proper spacing to reduce competition.
Plant Protection
Common Pests
- Aphids
- Slugs & Snails
- Cutworms
Common Diseases
- Leaf Spots (Alternaria, Stemphylium)
- Root Rot
- Damping-off
Additional Practices
- Season: Early spring or late summer
- Sunlight: 4–6 hours daily
- Spacing: 12–15 inches
- Water: Keep soil moist
- Harvest: 40–50 days (leaves)
Disclaimer:
Crop performance may vary depending on soil, climate, and management practices. Proper agronomic
practices are recommended for best yield.